МЕТИЛИРАН ВИТ. В12 спрей

In which cases is Vitamin B12 taken? For vegetarians and vegans In case of digestive disorders For various diseases (autoimmune diseases, pernicious anemia, etc.). When taking certain medications (proton pump inhibitors, etc.). In case of metabolic weakness (aging, recovery, poor lifestyle, unbalanced diet, genetic factors, etc.) Vitamin B12 is one of the water-soluble vitamins. It owes its name to the cobalt atom it contains in its structure. It is sensitive to light and heat! Vitamin B12 is mainly found in foods of animal origin: meat, offal, seafood, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Spirulina, red and green algae are also rich in this vitamin. In the stomach, the absorption of Vitamin B12 requires the presence of gastric juice to form a complex with the Gastric Intrinsic Factor, thereby optimizing its absorption in the intestines. Then, Vitamin B12 is stored by the body mainly in the liver, but also in the pancreas, heart, and brain. What is the role of Vitamin B12 in the body? Vitamin B12 plays an important role as a coenzyme in essential metabolic processes such as: Normal energy metabolism: The hematological effects of Vitamin B12 deficiency include the gradual onset of general symptoms of anemia, reduced energy during exercise, fatigue, palpitations... A causal relationship has been established between Vitamin B12 intake and the reduction of fatigue and exhaustion (1). Maintenance, regeneration, and synthesis of nerve cells (2, 3,4): Vitamin B12 plays a central role in the normal functions of the nervous system. Clinical studies have well established that deficiency of this vitamin causes harmful neurological and psychological effects. A causal relationship has been established between dietary intake of Vitamin B12 and contribution to normal neurological and psychological functions (1). Maintenance, regeneration, and synthesis of blood cells (erythropoiesis) (3) Vitamin B12 deficiency causes impaired DNA synthesis, leading to megaloblastic anemia. A causal relationship has been established between Vitamin B12 intake and normal red blood cell (erythrocyte) formation. Short-chain fatty acid content: Supplementation with Vitamin B12 (6) increases the total content of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric acid (a major energy source for colon cells, promoting cell growth, differentiation, and nourishment of the intestinal lining). Immunity boost: Vitamin B12 acts as an immunostimulant of cellular immunity and affects cytotoxic cells (such as "natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes). This vitamin is also important for antibody production. Methylation and homocysteine metabolism: Methylation is a vital metabolic process providing multiple functions in the human body (neurotransmitter synthesis (7), detoxification (8), modulation of the expression of certain genes in our DNA). Homocysteine is metabolized to methionine by cofactors such as Vitamins B6, B9, and B12, which allows DNA synthesis. Therefore, a high level of unmetabolized homocysteine can signal a deficiency of one of these vitamins. Consequently, vitamin B12 participates in the normal metabolism of homocysteine (9). What are the causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency? Vegetarian/vegan diet: reduced intake of foods containing vitamin B12 (animal sources) (4,5). Age: With age, the ability to absorb cobalamin from food becomes more difficult. For example, a lack of stomach acidity affects this phenomenon. Various diseases: pernicious anemia (an autoimmune disease that leads to a deficiency in intrinsic factor production). Even if B12 intake is sufficient through food, this disease causes a deficiency in the patient. There are also intestinal diseases that affect nutrient absorption (10), such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, ulcers... Medication treatment: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) - for treating increased stomach acid (ulcer or gastroesophageal reflux disease) Genetics (10): The absorption of this vitamin varies individually depending on the variation of certain genetic sequences Environmental factors: cigarettes, pollution... How is Vitamin B12 deficiency detected? Vitamin B12 deficiency is detected by measuring the amount of holotranscobalamin in the blood (which should represent 25% of cobalamin present in the serum) or by using metabolic markers such as methylmalonic acid (MMA) or total homocysteine (tHcy). If MMA or tHcy levels are too high, this indicates a Vitamin B12 deficiency. Which form of Vitamin B12 to choose? This vitamin is stored in the liver mainly in the form of adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin. There are 4 main forms of vitamin B12: Forms of Vit. B12 Origin (natural or synthetic) Bioavailability Observations Cyanocobalamin Synthetic or from bacterial fermentation No, 4 metabolic steps The most common form found in supplements. In the intestine, it is hydrolyzed to cyanide and cobalamin. Then thiocyanate is formed. Hydroxocobalamin Natural No, 3 metabolic steps Mostly produced by bacteria in nature and found in food Adenosylcobalamin Natural Yes Excellent form, but rarely found Methylcobalamin Natural Yes Excellent performance in terms of absorption and effectiveness From the table above, it is clear that adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin are the most interesting forms of Vitamin B12! Various studies show that methylcobalamin stays in tissues longer than cyanocobalamin. In addition, methylcobalamin is the predominant form of bioactive Vitamin B12 in the blood and other body fluids, compared to the active form adenosylcobalamin (13). Choosing a sublingual form allows rapid absorption through the oral mucosa and bypasses possible assimilation disorders in the small intestine. Vitamin B12 (14,15), whose digestive physiology is closely linked to the small intestine, is also affected by the intestinal microbiota. Aerobic bacteria and facultative Gram-negative anaerobes are able to use cobalamin for their own metabolic processes. Thus, they create competition between bacterial metabolism and host absorption. A possible imbalance of the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) will lead to cobalamin deficiency. In addition, the spray form offers quick and easy absorption! Composition in 4 sprays (600 μg): Vit. B12 (methylcobalamin)….. 1000 μg No allergens, gluten, or animal-derived ingredients! How to use: 4 sprays per day, directly onto the tongue. 33 doses! Packaging: 20 ml References: 1. EFSA Journal 2010;8(10):1756 2. Watanabe, T. et al. (1994). Ultra-high dose methylcobalamin promotes nerve regeneration in experimental acrylamide neuropathy. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 122(2), 140 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(94)90290-9. 3. Verma D. et al. Efficacy of Oral Methylcobalamin in Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia in Children. Pediatr Blood Cancer. (2017);64:e26698. https://doi. org/10.1002/pbc.26698. 4. Obeid, R. et al. (2015). Cobalamin coenzyme forms are not likely to be superior to cyano- and hydroxyl-cobalamin in prevention or treatment of cobalamin defi- ciency. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 59(7), 1364 1372. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500019. 5. Pawlak, R. et al. (2014). The prevalence of cobalamin deficiency among vegetarians assessed by serum vitamin B12: a review of literature. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 68, 541–548. 6. Xu, Y. et al. (2018). Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Induced a Shift in Microbial Composition and Metabolic Activity in an in vitro Colon Simulation. Frontiers in Microbio- logy, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02780 7. Sileshi Demelash. The Role of Micronutrient for Depressed Patients. J Neuropsychopharmacol Mental Health 2017, Vol 2(1): 116 8. Khingkan Lertratanangkoon et al. Alterations of DNA methylation by glutathione depletion. Cancer Letters Volume 120, Issue 2, 9 December 1997, Pages 149-156. 9. G. Berrut P. Ritz. Rev Med Suisse 2000; volume -4. 20924 10. Paul, C. et al. (2017). Comparative Bioavailability and Utilization of Particular Forms of B12 Supplements With Potential to Mitigate B12-related Genetic Polymor- phisms. Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 16(1), 42–49. 11. Andrès, E. et al. (2005). Carences en vitamine B12 chez l’adulte : étiologies, manifestations cliniques et traitement. La Revue de Médecine Interne, 26(12), 938 946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2005.04.036. 12. Spence, J. D. (2016). Metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency: a missed opportunity to prevent dementia and stroke. Nutrition Research, 36(2), 109 116. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.nutres.2015.10.003. 13. Thakkar, K., Billa, G. Treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency–Methylcobalamine? Cyancobalamine? Hydroxocobalamin?—clearing the confusion. Eur J Clin Nutr 69, 1–2 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2014.165. 14. Kastl, A. J. et al. (2020). The Structure and Function of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiota: Current Understanding and Future Directions. Cellular and Molecu- lar Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 9(1), 33 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.07.006 15. Basu, T. K. et al. (2003). Intestinal absorption in health and disease: micronutrients. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 17(6), 957 979. https://doi. org/10.1016/s1521-6918(03)00084-2